The ordered structure of the universe on the largest scales is an awe inspiring sight. It is an intricate web of galaxies, clusters, filaments and voids, forming an interconnected network that stretches across the cosmos. At the centre of this cosmic web are galaxies, which are the largest bound structures in the universe. Galaxies are composed of stars, planets, gas, dust and dark matter, and range in size from dwarf galaxies to giants that can contain more than one trillion stars. Galaxies also come in several different shapes, including elliptical, spiral, and irregular. Groups of galaxies are held together by the gravitational force of dark matter and form what are known as galaxy clusters. Clusters can contain up to thousands of galaxies, and there are some that are exceptionally large, such as the Coma Cluster and the Abell Catalog, with over 1,000 galaxies. Between the clusters are filaments, where galaxies are sparsely scattered. These filaments are huge highways of gas and dark matter that stretch for millions of lightyears. This gas acts as the backbone of the universe and can be detected in X-ray and radio emissions. Along with the filaments, there are huge voids or regions of empty space between the galaxies and clusters. These voids can be even larger than the largest galaxies and clusters, some spanning hundreds of millions of lightyears in diameter. The ordered structure of the universe is truly a remarkable sight. On the largest scales, galaxies, clusters, filaments and voids form an interconnected web that stretches across the cosmos. At the centre of this cosmic web are galaxies, massive structures composed of stars, planets, gas, dust and dark matter, with sizes ranging from dwarf galaxies to giants. Groups of galaxies are held together by the gravitational force of dark matter and form galaxy clusters, which can contain up to thousands of galaxies. These clusters are connected by filaments; huge highways of gas and dark matter that stretch for millions of lightyears. Between the galaxies and clusters are voids, or regions of empty space that can be even larger than the largest galaxies and clusters. It is through the power of gravity that all these components of the universe are connected. Even though dark matter is invisible, it has five times more mass than the regular matter that makes up galaxies, clusters, filaments and voids. This mysterious substance is what drives the force of gravity and shapes the large-scale structure of the universe. In order to understand how galaxies, clusters, filaments and voids fit into the big picture of the universe, astronomers use a number of powerful tools. By using X-ray and radio telescopes, they can detect the gas in the filaments. They then use measurements of the redshift of galaxies to map out the clusters and voids. This technique, known as redshift surveys, gives astronomers a three-dimensional view of the universe and helps them understand the evolution of its structure. Our understanding of the universe on the largest scales is still growing, but the current evidence suggests that it is an interconnected web of galaxies, clusters, filaments and voids stretching across the cosmos. This is one of the most amazing sights in the universe and it is only through advances in technology and a deep understanding of gravity that we can even begin to comprehend it.
https://www.lifetechnology.com/blogs/life-technology-science-news/the-largest-structures-in-the-universe-are-still-glowing-with-the-shock-of-their-creation
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